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Indian classical music
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The origins of tradition Indian classical music can be found from the oldest
of scriptures, part of the Hindu tradition, the Vedas. Samaveda, one of the
four Vedas, describes music at length. Indian classical music has its origins
as a meditation tool for attaining self realization. All different forms of
these melodies (Ragas) are believed to affect various "chakras" (energy
centers, or "moods") in the path of the "Kundalini". However, there is little
mention of these esoteric beliefs in Bharat's Natyashastra, the first treatise
laying down the fundamental principles of drama, dance and music. The Samaveda,
one of the four Vedas, created out of Riga-Veda so that its hymns could be
sung as Samagana established its first principles. Hindustani classical music
has its origin as a form of meditation, though available mainly to an elite
audience.
Indian classical music has one of the most complex and complete musical
systems ever developed. Like Western classical music, it divides the octave
into 12 semitones of which the 7 basic notes are Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa, in
order, replacing Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si Do. However, it uses the just
intonation tuning (unlike Western classical music which uses the equal
temperament tuning system).
Indian classical music is monophonic in nature and based around a single
melody line which is played over a fixed drone. The performance is based
melodically on particular ragas and rhythmically on talas.
Instruments
Instruments typically used in Hindustani music include sitar, sarod, tambura,
bansuri, shehnai, sarangi, and tabla. Instruments typically used in Carnatic
music include gottuvadyam, veena, mridangam, kanjira, and violin.
The fundamental authoritative work on the subject of Indian instruments,
Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya was based on years of research carried out by Dr.
Lalmani Misra.
Performers
There have been many great exponents of Hindustani music. Some of them are
Allauddin Khan, Vilayat Khan, Omkarnath Thakur, Bismillah Khan, Gangubai
Hangal, Bhimsen Joshi, Kishori Amonkar, Kumar Gandharva, Pandit Jasraj, Ravi
Shankar, Vijay Raghav Rao, Hariprasad Chaurasia, Zakir Hussain, Sumitra
Guha[1], Pandit Bhajan Sopori, Shivkumar Sharma, Annapurna Devi, Ali Akbar
Khan, and Aashish Khan, Pt. Vishwanath Rao Ringe among other notable
performers.
Among the most popular living performers of Carnatic Music are D. K. Pattammal,
Dr.M.Balamuralikrishna, Dr. K. J. Yesudas, T V Sankaranarayanan, Madurai T N
Seshagopalan, Aruna Sayeeram, Sudha Ragunathan, Bombay Jayashree and T N
Krishnan. M. S. Subbulakshmi was one of the greatest carnatic vocalists ever.
M L Vasanthakumari, G N Balasubramaniam, Dr. S. Ramanathan, Chembai
Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar, Vidwan. Gopala Pillai are famous musical legends who
lived in the last century.
Indian pop
Indian pop music, often known as Indi-pop or Hindi pop, is a term that refers to pop music of India. It is based on various Indian folk or classical music, influenced by modern beats from different parts of the world. Indian pop was relatively non-existent until the late 1970s to early 1980s. The major push to bring South Asian music into a "pop" motif was by Indian singer, Alisha Chinoy (touted in ethnomusiclogy circles as the "Queen of Indi-pop"). Much if not most of Indian Pop music comes from the Indian Film Industry, and coincides with the filmi genre.
Earlier artists
It started in the 90s and that time there were very few singers who were
popular as non-film singers viz. Usha Utthup, Sharon Prabhakar and Peenaz
Masani. Then as the industry expanded, came Baba Sehgal, Alisha Chinai,
Shantanu Mukherjee aka Shaan, Sagarika, Colonial Cousins (Hariharan and Leslie
Lewis), Lucky Ali, Sonu Nigam etc.
Current artists
Some of the popular Indipop artists include Sonu Nigam, Daler Mehndi,
Rageshwari, Devika Chawla, Bombay Vikings, Asha Bhosle, Shaan, Sunidhi Chauhan,
Bombay Rockers, Anu Malik, Jazzy B, Malkit Singh, Hans Raj Hans, Baba Sehgal
and more recently Raghav, Jay Sean, Juggy D, Rishi Rich, and Bally Sagoo,
Punjabi MC, Bhangra Knights, Mehnaz and Sanober.
Indian Rock
Indian rock is a genre of popular music in India that incorporates elements
of Indian music and mainstream rock and is often topically India-centric.
While India is known for its northern and southern classical music, the Indian
rock scene has produced numerous bands and artists. There are various Non
Resident Indians and People of Indian Origin
Indian fusion
An Indian sub-genre of rock that focuses on the blending of Indian styles of
music with western music, in this case, rock. As mentioned before, the term of
non-Indian bands using Indian instrumentals and vocal in rock is raga rock,
however, Indian fusion also encompasses attempts by Indian pop musicians and
film composers to incorporate rock music into their work, starting in the 70s
with film scores like those of the Amitabh Bachchan classics.
The Brown Indian Band features accomplished Indian classical musicians in
concert with jazz virtuosos. Indian classical music can be compared to jazz as
both are forms of improvised music. Indian classical music is linear and uses
just one scale (raga) to improvise within a composition whereas jazz has a
much broader palette for improvisation where multiple scales can be used to
improvise through harmonic changes. Indian classical music however, has some
of the world's most complex rhythm structures and subtle quarter tones that
add an exciting new dimension to jazz. The Brown Indian Band uses the best of
both forms of improvisation to create India's contribution to world music.
There are also other new Indian bands coming up with a wonderful blend of
Indian & Western music, incorporating different styles like Rock, Jazz, Folk
etc. and fusing them with Indian Classical & other forms of Indian music, to
create an Experimental style of FUSION Music. Some of these bands are Mrigya
(Delhi), Indian Ocean (Delhi), KASP (Mumbai), Advaita (Bangalore) etc.
Indian funk
Indian funk is a loose term describing the style of rock and roll which is
sometimes blurred into the realms of pop and other genres. Whereas Indian
fusion may only incorporate Indian style into rock, or rock into Indian music,
Indian funk can be broadly defined as what rap-metal is to heavy metal - an
infusion of elements from rap, reggae, pop, and dance genres that some might
consider to not be 'true' rock. Groups originating in South Asian communities
in western countries like Britain are noted for this style, with bands such as
Swami and Asian Dub Foundation using elements of UK garage, UK bhangra and
hip-hop, such as synthesisers, rap vocals and turntables.
Bangla band
A Bangla band is any (modern) musical band that performs solely or mainly in
the Bengali language and which uses Western principles of music.
Mohiner Ghoraguli is widely credited with being the first Bangla Band, though
it did not achieve wide recognition in its time. Later, as Western influences
became more widespread, the Bangla band became popular with young people
during the 1980s and 1990s, both in India and Bangladesh, and has since become
entrenched in modern Bengali culture.
Bangla bands use a wide variety of styles such as rock, pop, hard rock, heavy
metal,grunge, folk, and fusion. Their music is influenced both by popular
American music as well as traditional Bengali folk music such as shyama
sangeet and baul.
Like popular music in other countries, Bangla bands are very popular among
Bengali young people.
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